Multiple Choice Questions (12×1 marks)

1. What is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which one substance is dissolved in the other called?

  • Colloid
  • Suspension
  • Solution
  • Compound

2. In a solution, the substance that dissolves is known as:

  • Solvent
  • Solute
  • Solution
  • Suspending agent

3. Which type of solution contains the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature?

  • Unsaturated solution
  • Saturated solution
  • Supersaturated solution
  • Dilute solution

4. The size of particles in a colloid ranges from:

  • Less than 1 nm
  • 1-1000 nm
  • Greater than 1000 nm
  • Equal to 1000 nm

5. The scattering of light by colloidal particles is known as:

  • Brownian movement
  • Tyndall effect
  • Dispersion effect
  • Solubility effect

6. Which of the following is NOT a gaseous solution?

  • Air
  • Smoke
  • Fog
  • Alloy

7. The maximum amount of solute which dissolves in a specified amount of solvent at a specific temperature is called:

  • Concentration
  • Solubility
  • Dilution
  • Saturation point

8. Which of the following solutions can pass through both normal and ultra-filter paper?

  • Colloid
  • Suspension
  • Solution
  • Emulsion

9. In which state of matter do particles have the highest kinetic energy?

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • Plasma

10. What happens to the solubility of KCl when temperature increases?

  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Remains constant
  • First increases then decreases

11. Which of the following is an example of a solid solution?

  • Brine
  • Air
  • Alloy
  • Carbonated drinks

12. The property of an element to exist in different physical forms is called:

  • Isomerism
  • Polymorphism
  • Allotropy
  • Crystallinity

Short Questions (11×3 marks)

1. Define the terms solute, solvent, and solution. Give an example of each.

2. Differentiate between saturated and supersaturated solutions with examples.

3. Explain the effect of temperature on solubility with suitable examples.

4. Compare colloids and suspensions based on their particle size, stability, and examples.

5. Describe the Tyndall effect and explain how it can be used to distinguish between a solution and a colloid.

6. What are aqueous solutions? Explain with two examples why water is called a universal solvent.

7. Differentiate between concentrated and dilute solutions. How can a concentrated solution be made dilute?

8. Explain the concept of allotropes with reference to carbon. What makes diamond and graphite so different in their properties?

9. Define homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures and give two examples of each.

10. Explain the process of forming a supersaturated solution with a practical example.

11. What are the characteristics of plasma as a state of matter? How does it differ from gas?

Long Questions (4×5 marks)

a) Define a solution and explain its components with examples.

b) Differentiate between unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions.

c) Describe an activity to demonstrate these three types of solutions.

d) Explain how temperature affects the solubility of different substances.

a) Compare solutions, colloids, and suspensions based on their particle size, stability, appearance, and light scattering properties.

b) Explain why colloids show the Tyndall effect while true solutions do not.

c) Classify the following as solutions, colloids, or suspensions and justify your answer:

  • i) Sea water
  • ii) Milk
  • iii) Toothpaste
  • iv) Smoke
  • v) Muddy water

a) Describe the four states of matter with examples.

b) Explain how particles behave differently in each state in terms of:

  • i) Arrangement of particles
  • ii) Kinetic energy
  • iii) Intermolecular forces
  • iv) Physical properties (density, compressibility, fluidity)

c) How can matter be converted from one state to another?

a) Define allotropy and explain its occurrence.

b) Describe the structure and properties of three allotropes of carbon.

c) Explain how the different arrangements of carbon atoms in diamond and graphite result in their vastly different properties.

d) How do we classify matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures? Give examples of each.